| Syntax |
| =AND(logical1,[logical2]...[logical255]) |
| Purpose / Description |
| Returns TRUE if all the values passed to the function are TRUE or non-zero. |
| Arguments |
| Name |
Type |
Description |
| logical1 |
any |
A constant, constant array, reference or nested expression that returns a value to be checked together with any other arguments. If a range reference or nested expression is used, it may return more than one value in each argument. Text strings are ignored. |
| [logical2]...[logical255] |
any |
Optional constants, constant arrays, references or nested expressions returning one more additional values for checking. If a range reference or nested expression is used, it may return more than one value in each argument. Text strings are ignored. |
| Return Values |
| Type |
Specific Value |
Description |
| logical |
TRUE |
If all values passed are TRUE or non-zero |
| logical |
FALSE |
If one or more values is FALSE or zero. |
| error |
#VALUE! |
If all the values passed are text strings. |
| error |
|
Any errors referenced by arguments are returned due to propagation of error values. |
| Notes / Comments / Advice / Warnings |
| Note: |
This function accepts range references that span worksheets in each of its arguments. |
| Note: |
This function cannot be used in an array formula to do row-by-row or column-by-column evaluation. All referenced values are evaluated in a single step. |
| Comment: |
The AND function is optimised, and will return FALSE as soon as it encounters a FALSE, blank or zero value. So it is worth considering the order in which conditions are listed. |
| Advice: |
If "and" logic is required in a dynamic array formula, use the product of comparison approach whereby each condition or set of conditions is multiplied by each other. This approach is demonstrated in our courses and online examples. |
| Examples: |
Open / download sample workbook: AND, OR, XOR, NOT.xlsx |
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